The Cardiff Times

SOMETHING MOilE TIMELY WANTED. » T'M aorrv we can't print these ^Sofvour'son 'The Tariff Question and Labour Problem.' but if you can get us up a Lldea for a guessing competition we buy 1 Tyour

Musical and Eisteddfodic. BY MAELGWYN. Victory. If I were inclined to be egotistical I should this week throw my hat in the air and cry Hooray," for I have scored a signal victory. Readers of • this column are aware that for years past I have persistently condemned the disgraceful habit which some Eisteddfod committees have cf boy- cotting thp alto soloists. I have not hesitated to declare that this habit is due solely to the fact that alto competitors are not Sf, numerous as sopranos, tenors, and basses, and thatfthere- fore the entrance fees—where entranee fees are charged are comparatively small. It is easy enough to offer two guineas for a prize if about 30 competitors for it each pay a shilling entrance fee-the loss on the transaction alone is just 12s. As I say, I have exposed the practice over and over again, but I am bound to say that I was beginning to despair of bringing about a reform, seeing that I was left absolutely alone to pursue the agitation. Never- theless the victory has been gained. In the pro- gramme of the Neath Easter Eisteddfod there is an alto solo contest, in which a first and second prize are offered. Bravo! The Neath people last year boycotted the altos, and were in turn roughly criticised. This year things have changed, and everybody will now do his best to make the Eisteddfod a success. But the most significant vioory is that just gained at Abergavenny. This Eisteddfod has always been liberally patronised, and possibly for that very reason it has been difficult to induce the committee to inaugurate the slightest reform. But at last a change had taken place. There is to be an alto solo competition next Easter Monday, and a prize of two guineas is offered. Well done, Abergavenny—this is a splendid beginning. I shall refer to the programme of both the Neath and Abergavenny Eisteddfodau at an early date. Meanwhile I must congratulate the promoters of both on having brought about a reform which only they had opposed, and in doing so I know I am voicing the opinion of all well-wishers of the Eisteddfod. David and Saul." Mr David Jenkins's oratorio, David and Saul, was produced at Swansea last week in the presence of a crowded audience, and scored an immediate success. The artistes were Miss Medora Henson, Miss Hannah Jones, Mr Ben Davies, and Mr David Hughes. The chorus numbered nearly 200 voices, and Hulley's Band played the accompaniment. The porformance throughout was excellent, and the work suc- ceeded in rousing the audience to a high pitch of enthusiasm. Mr Jenkins had to appear before the audience at the close of the first part, and received quite an ovation. At the close of the performance, too, he was con- gratulated on all hands on having brought out a work that contained an almost unbroken succession of sweet, tuneful, but highly dramatic numbers. The success at Swansea will no doubt serve as an incentive to' many choirs to take up the work. I notice that the Cambrian, in its notice of the performance says that Mr Jenkms ought not to be allowed any rest until he has given us other works as good as David and Saul. Quite right. But alas it is one of the most difficult things in the world to get the Welsh people to patronise the works of their own composers. I am given to understand that an effort is being made to have David and Saul performed at Pontypridd on the last-evening of the Eisteddfod week. -1 Songs of the Four Nations." This is the title of a large and handsome volume which Messrs J. B. Cramer and Company send me. The "four nations "are, of course, those in- habiting the British Island?, but there are several sub-divisions of the said "nations." Ten English songs are followed by one Cornish air; then come ten Scotch and two characteristic Highland imefiodiea. Wales is represented by twelve airs and the Isle of Man by one. The Irish melodies complete a total of fifty. Mr Harold Boulton, in his preface, says that the airs will have for the most part never before been pub- lished, are gathered together as the result of an extended tour in the places represented, and where possible the traditionary words have been preserved. The Welsh, Irish, Gaelic, Manx, and Cornish songs are accordingly fur- nished in English and native words. I think, however, the native words ought to have been accorded the same prominence as the English ones—that they should have been printed with the music instead of at the bottom of the last page. The editor claims, as I have said, that the majority of the airs have never before seen the light, and, so far as the songs other than Welsh are concerned, I am not disposed to contradict him. But of the 12 Cymric airs, the following appear in the Welsh Harper viz., Agoriad, y cywair," Ar hyd y Twil yn ei boeh," Jenny's Mantle," Mwynen Mai, Llivyn On," and Gwenilian," the last named under its correct name, viz., Dwy ros cochion." I am writing from memory, but I believe that one or two of the remaining five airs, printed in the work under notice, may also be found in Bardd Alaw's famous collection. Another melody, known as Y Bachgen Main has long since been called to do duty as a hymn tune." But although we can hardly regard the Welsh selec- tion as either representative or the best that could have been made, we must not forget that the book as a whole is intended for the English people, very few of whom have heard of "The Welsh Harper." They at least will be sure to regard the Cymric portion as by no means the least interesting of the cc Songos of the Four Nations." The airs have been arranged and furnished with pianoforte accompaniments by Mr Arthur Somervell, who contributes some very sensible remarks on the singing of national melodies. The book has already become popular. The first edition was published a few days before Christmas, and was subscribed for before the day of issue. The second edition, now before me, is, however, precisely the same as the first. It remains only to congratulate all concerned in the bringing out of this really valuable collection of old melodies—some of which were sung handreds of years before the invention of printing. Notices to Correspondents. OLWEN (St. David's).—Thanks. Shall let you know when anything worth singing comes to band. Read notice of book given above. Will the composer or publisher of Llythyr fy Mani" send on his name and address and some particulars of the song named ? I am being con- stantly asked about it by correspondents. H.P.J.—The chair subject at Liverpool was Gwilym Hiraethog and at Merthyr co Love." You must write to Dyfed for information about the successful compositions.

Educational Courtship. She was a Boston maiden, and she'd' soarcely passed eighteen, And as lovely as a hoori, out of grave and sober mien; A sweet encyclopaedia of every kind of lore, Though love looked coyly from behind the glasses that she wore. She sat beside her lover, with her elbow on his knee, And dreamily she gazed upon the summer sea, Until he brobe silence, saying, "Fray. Minerva, dear, Inform me of the meaning of the Thingness of the Here, I know you're jost from Concord, where the lights of wisdom be, Your head crammed full to bursting. love, with their philosophy— Those hoary-headed sages and maids of hosiery blue- Then solve me the conundrum, love, that I have put to you." She smiled a dreamy smile and said, "The Thing- ness of the Here Is that which is not past and hasn't yet arrived, my dear; Indeed," the maid continued, with a calm, un- ruffled brow, II The Thingness of the Here ia just the Thisness of the Now." A smile illumed the lover's face, then without any haste He slid a manly arm around the maiden's slender waist. And on her oherry lips impressed a warm and loving kiss, And said, Lovo» this is what I call theNowness of the This."

A New Mtther-m-Law Story. Several young ladies were in a field watching the milkmaid milk a cow. Suddenly a wild but! is seen rushing towards the group with lowered head, uplifted tail, and bellowing furiously. The young ladies were in despair. There was no escape. The milkmaid, on the other hand, kept milking perfectly unconcerned. As scon as the furious animal got within a few feet of his victims he turned and fled in dismay. "Why did he run away t" aeked one of the young ladies. He got seared of this cow I'm milking. She is his mother-in-law, replied the milkmaid.

Songs for the People. Andrew Fletcher, ef Salteun, in a letter t* the Marquis "f Montrose, wrote I knew a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to make all the hall ads he need net care whe should imake the laws ef the nation."

THE LAW OF LOVE. 1 Pour forth the oil, pour boldly forth, It will uot fail until Thou failest vessels to provide Which it may freely fill. ) But then, when such are found no mon Though flowing broad and free Till then, and nourished from on high, It straightway staunched will be. Dig channels for the streams of Tio/e, Where they may broadly run And Love has overflowing streams To fill them every one. But if at any time thou cease Such channels provide, The very founts of Love for thee Will soon be parched and dried. For we must share, if we would keep That good thing from above; Ceasing to give, wo cease to have- Such is the law of Love. ARCHBISHOP TBEKOB.

To Ic introduced to a Oood Booh is to make a Friendship." February Issues. "Sylvia's Journal this mouth fulfils the pro- mise of general excellence which the January number gave under its new editor, Mrs Graham R. T:mson. Two coloured plates are included with the part as well as two supplements of draw-' ing. fw: iiitolev.-oi-k. Ther ioine half-dozen literary contributions, as many more of fashions and domestic matters, and a serial story by May Kendall. The Art cf Stencilling is a very artistic as well as useful series of papers. Leisure Ilour this month is a capital budget of interesting reading matter and illustrations. A Trip on a Gloucestershire Canal," with many engravings en route, should prove of special in- terest to readers in South Wales. "Thoughts in a Library is very suggestive. The more interesting articles in the Sunday at Home," where all are so readable, are "The Religions of India," The Old Greek Church in Soho," and "Life on our Light Ships." Messrs Ward and Lock's Select Edition of the Waverley Novels, which is being issued in monthly parts, commences a new novel, The Pirate," with the February number. This is the cheapest and the most handsome of the illustrated editions of the novels issued. Part 3 of their Illustrated Shakespeare contains the plays Kitig John, Merry Wives of Windsor, and Measure for .Afeasu,re. Haydn's Dictionary of Dates," part 4, carries the work on to Egypt. It is an invalu- able work of reference, brought down to the autumn cf 1892. Ward and Look's Illustrated History of the World," part 41 deals with the Grecian world, and the subject is illustrated by a latge cumber of really excellent engravings. The World's Religions" has reached Part 12, thesubject being Christianity. The Imperial History," Part 3, carries on a brisk and illustrated narrative to Magna Charta. The other serial publications of this firm, which has done so much in the field of popular litera- ture, are The Christian's Golden Treasury," rart 3; "Every Man His Own Mechanic," Part 4; Ward and Lock's Industrial Self- Instructor," Part 39; and Amateur Work," which is issued in penny weekly numbers and monthly parts. It is scarcely necessary to say more of the Boy's Own Papei" than that it is brimful of schoolboy tales of school and adventure abroad, comic illustrations, and articles abcut pets. The present number also contains an illustrated article ?n How to Play the Banjo," and a coloured sheet on Our Bantams." No girl who wishes to be abreast of her time in all the urts aud graces vhich make girlhood and womanhcod a complete and harmonious life should ba without "The Girls Qivn ramr," Music, art, literature, health, rlress, cookery, Ection, are all treated of in delightful fashion in the February issue. The Religious Tract Society issue a number of popular monthlies for the family circle—" The Cottager and Artizan," Light in' tho Home," "Friendly Greetings," "Our Dots," and "Child's Companion," being amongst the rest. No. 15 of Cassell's Penny Illustsated Stories is entitled "Miss Hilary's Opals," by Sarah Pitt. This excellent penny weekly series of s'i(-,rt stories should do good work in supplanting the trash already in the market by meeting a desire for short and bright stories, which seems to be grow- ing up amongst a large class of readers.

EXPENSIVE AMMUNITION. Artab, Mrs Flinu, but you're in 'thrcuble, I see Trcth an' I am. Didn't I go an' lave Denny t' take care av the ah tore, n' the goat's kern an' ate four cabbages ?" "Sure I'd not lave that small loss bother me." It's not that, me dear; but Denny t'rew near ton av coal at him."

SOPKKIOMTY.—Mamma Why do you put on subh airs over that little girl ?—Wee Woman Her mother hasn't got bought teeth like you hils.

The Household. Rising in the World. Yon should bear constantly in mind that nine-tenths of us are, from the very nature and necessities of the workl. born to earn "ur live- hhood by the sweat of the brow. What reason have we, then, to presume that our children are not to do the same ? If they be, as now and then on will be, endowed with extraordinary powers of mind, those powers may have an opportunity of developing themselves; and if they never have that opportunity the harm is not very great to us or to them. Nor doss it hence follow that the descendants of labourers are always to be labourers. The path upwards is steep and long, to be sure. Industry, care, skill, excellence in the present parent lay the foundation of a rise under more favourable cir- cumstances for the children. The children of these take an,.ther rise; and by-and-by the descendants of the present labourer become gentlemen. This is the natural progress. It is by attempting to reach tho top at a single leap that so much misery is produced in the world and the propensity tc make such attempt has been cherished and encouraged by the strange projects that we have witnessed cf late years for making the labourers virtuous and happy by giving- them what is called education. The education which is needed consists in bringing up children to labour with steadiness, with care, and with skill; to show them how to do as many useful things as possible, to teach them how to do thom all in the best manner; to set them an example in industry, sobriety, cleanliness, and neatness; to make all these habitual to them, so that they shall never be liable to fall into the contrary to let them always see a good living proceeding from labour, and thus to remove from them the temptation to get at the goods of ethers by violent or fraudulent means, and to keep far from their minds all the inducements to hypocrisy and deceit,— WiUiam Cobbett. Economy. There is nothing which goes so far towards placing young people beyond the reach of poverty as economy in the management of their demestio affairs. It matters not whether a man furnishes little or much for his family, if there is a oon- tinual leakage in his kitchen or in the parlour it runs away, he knows not how, and that demon Waste cries "More!" like the horse-leech's daughter, until he that provides has no more to give. It is the husband's duty to bring mto the ( house, and it is the duty of the wife to see that I none goes wrongfully out of it. Hints. I APPLE BREAD PUDDING.—One quart of bread crumbs, 1% pint of milk, two eggs, eight sour apples, oua teacupful ot white sugar. Cut the apples in quarters and slice, butter the pudding- dish, spread a thick layer of bread-crumbs on the bottom, then a layer of apples with little bits of butter scattered over the top; then a layer of bread-crumbs and then a layer of apples and butter, and lastly a layer of bread-crumbs. Beat up the eggs and mix them with the milk and sugar, and then pour over the bread and bake in a hot oven for about an hour. LEMON PUDDING. Take half a pound of bread-crumbs, a quarter of a ponnd of flour, quarter of a pound of finely-chopped suet, quarter of a pound of loaf sugar, two eggs, the juice and riua of one lemon. Put the crumbs in a mixing basin, sift in the flonr, pound the sugar very finely, sift that in also. Add the juice and rind of the lemon. Break the eggs, separate the yolks from the whites, beat the yolks with a fork, and stir it into the resr of the ingredients, mixing well. Beat the whites to a stiff froth last of all, aud mix them in, stirring all the while. Pour the mixture into a greased basin, cover with greased paper, and stand it in a saucepan of boiling water. The water should not come more than half-way up the basin. Boil for three hours. CELERY Jour. --Boil a small cup of rice in three pints of milk until it will pass through a sieve. Grate the white par$cf three heads of oelery and add to the milk after it is strained; add to this a quart of strong veal stock, and boil till the cdery i* s. and, viyvjpie pepper. I POTATO Soup is a very palatable dish. Bail one pound of salt pork in three quarts of wainr 6 1 hour. Then add three sliced potatoes and two choppsd onions. Boil three-quarters of an hour. Then beat in a tablesjxxmful of butter and a cup of cream or milk into which has been stirred a well-beaten egg. MILK PUDDINGS.—Two ounces of rice, out ounca cf sugar, a little nutmeg, one pint of milk. If you use skim-milk, one teaspoonful of very finely-chopped suet should be added to give it the necessary portion of fat, but new milk is prefer- able. If you have no scales, measure out two tablespoonfuls of rice. Grease a pie-dish, put in the rice, sugar, and nutmeg, pour the coid milk upon it, and bake in a slow oven for two hours. ECONOMICAL SOUP.—Taks what remains of a cold turkey r goose, and put it to boil in sufficient cold water to cover all the bones. Boil four hours and season with salt and pepper, adding a few vegetables as for other soups, thicken with a little rice, and it makes a relishable dish.

THE POOR POET'S OLD COAT. All songs are difficult to translate, and especially so are those of Beranger—"the Robert Burns of France "—so terse, so elegant, so naif. so national, and so idiomatic. The matcless chansons of P. J. Beranger were always on the lips of the people, whenever a word was wanted in support of the right against the wrong. Not- withstanding the patrician "de" which pre- ceded his name, tnis simple-hearted man dis- claimed any connection with the aristocracy. He was the son of a poor tailor, and in his earliest years was steeped in poverty to the very lips. He afterwards became a waiter, and then a journeyman printer. But nature had made him a poet, and he cultivated his powers in spite of his fortune. The following attempted transla- tion gives some idea of thb subject, style, treat- ment, and philosophy of Beranger but to know Beranger well, or to appreciate him thoroughly— the strength as well as. the delicacy cf his writings—he must be read in his own language:- "Though hardly worth one paltry groat, Thou'rt dear to me, my poor old coat; For full ten years my friend thou'st been- For full ten years I've brushed thee clean, And now, like me, thou'rt old and wan, With both, the glow of youth is gone; But, worn and shabby as thou art, Thou and the poet shall not part- Poor coat I've not forgot the birthday eve, When first I donned thy glossy sleeve- When jovial friends in mantling wine Drank joy and health to me and mine. Üilr indigence let some despise, We're dear as ever in their eyes; And for their sakes, old as thou art, Thou and the poet shall not part— Poor coat! One evening, I remember yet, I, romping, feigned to fly Lisette, She strove her lover to retain, And thy frail skirt was rant in twain. Dear girl, she did her best endeavour, To patch theo up as well as ever. For her sweet sake, old as thou art, Thoii and the poet shall not part- Poor coat Never, my coat, has thou been found Bsnding thy shoulders to the ground, From any upstart lord" or grace," To beg a pension or a place. Wild forest flowers—no monarch's dole- Adorn my modest button-hole If but for that, old as thou art, Thou and the poet sher not part- Poor coat Poor though we be, my good old friend, No gold shall bribe our backs to bend Honest amid temptations past, We will be honest to the last; For more I prize thy virtuous rags Than all the lace a courtier brags; And while I live and have a heart, Thou and the poet shall not part— My coat

UNWELCOME ASSISTANCE. ENAMOURED YOUTH (who has been bidding her good-bye for half an hour): "Oh, darling, how can I leave thee ?" DEEP RED VOICE (from top of the stairs, with fiery sarcasm) Shall I come down and show you h?-. ycupg man V J

The late Dr Price, of Llantrisant, visited th* International Exhibition of 1851 in state, driving to the entraooe in a carriage drawn by a team of goats. Mr Balfour will visit Cambridge University, this term. and will open a discussion at the Oats* bridge Ethical Society on February 25 cn "The Insufficiency cf Naturalism as a Basis for Ethics." Mr Henry Price, of Rhymney, and late of Llandovery School, has been elected to a Grocer's Exhibition of jS50 tenable for four years. Mr Prioe is a mathematical scholar of Brasenotw College. Mr Pryse Pryse, master of the North Cardigan- shire Foxhounds, hqs just boen presented with an illuminated address and a purse of 90 gainam is recognition of the pportsmanliko way in which he has hunted the country for the past four years. A completely new idea in the history of the world," observes Professor Max Muller, was started at the Buddhist Council in the third century B.C., under King Asoka—the idea ol conquering other nations, not by force of arms, but by the power of truth." The subject of the next character sketch" in the Review of Review* will be the Pail Mall Gazette and its editors. Mr Stead has jut ordered from a firm of paper merchants in the City sufficient paper to print 100,000 copies of the first number of the weekly magazine whioh is to issue from his office.' MM. Henriot and Richet have discovered a now aniesthetic derived from chloral and gluooev which they call cbloralose. Its properties are analogous to those of morphine, but it appears to be less dangerous. Experiment shows that it oan be administered in doses of a gramme without disturbing the digestion or the brain. Half. grain induces a calm, profound sleep. According to a correspondent of the. the late Albert Way, tht archaeologist, came bya fortune in this wise:—Crossing Pall-mall, eJaIa. noned against an old gentleman, with the ruttu that the two exchanged apologies and cards. On each oards wsre the words, Mr Albert Way, and when the elder Way died he I..ft his money to the younger. We now understand why wWa and means always go together. In one respect the late Mr J. G. Blaine w&a • fortunate man. He had a devoted and taleafeed woman for his wife, and seme part cf what sno- cess he won in the world of politics was iue to her tactful help. Deep sympathy is felt with hat in the new affliction which has just fallen upon her house, for the death of her husband comet at a comparatively brief interval after the low ot her two lIOn." and her favourite daughter. Mrs Blaine's maiden name was Harriet Stfcn- wood. She started in life as a sohool-teacher. It was at his wife's suggestion that Blaine gave up mathematics for journalism, and moved into her native town, whore, beginning as a newspaper reporter, he found his way into politics, anj ttt length was elected Speaker of the Maine Legisla- ture. From the local politics of Maine* he passed on to the Congress at Washington, first as ft memb-ir cf the Lower House, and later as ft Senator. The will of Mr William Jennings, brother ol the late Mr R. Jennings, Gellideg, Kidwelly, who died at 167, Victoria-street, on the 25th alt., has been proved by the executors, Mr C. Seale- Hayne, M.P., and Mr Richard Edw%W Jennings, the personalty amounting to upwards ot -< £ 85,631. wiwt ihe exception ot a few legacies to servant* and ^Wfeftds, the whbls of the property to tla> dere&jMfr «4atives. The residuary legatees are four ot the dhildrca of hjs late brother, Mr Richard Jsnnings. Mr Raymond blath way b is one of thfc frwft known intarviewers in London. Three years ago he was in the Church, but after his return to Knt- land from Trinidad he resigned his curacy and tock to journalism, making interviewing his special subject. William Black was the first person he interviewwl. Amongst the many lions whom he has beardoo in their dens are Grant Allen, Walter B.sant, Mark Twain, Frank Stock- ton, Robert Barr, Hall Caine, James I Lowell, and Thomas Hardy. The frst eisteddfod ever held in South Africa took place at Natal, on the 26th and 27th of December last, and appears to have achieved a complete success, all the notables of the plJOs- being present, including bis Excellency the Governor and Lady Mitchell. The secretary of the eisteddfod was Mr D. Lloyd Jones, formerly of Eglwyswrw, Pembrokeshire. The eisteddfod was promoted by the Durban Cambrian Society and the weekly edition of the Natal Mercury devotes nearly a page to a report of the pro- ceedings. Apropos of the appearance in the Combill for February of a hitherto unpublished poem W, Charlotte Bronte, it is not without interest to' record tW circumstance that in the first volume of that periodical—in the issue for April, 1860- an unfinished sketch by the author cf "Jabe Eyre," to which Thackeray prefixed an apprecia- tive note, was given. The closing sentences of Thackeray's appreciation appears as a motto cn the edition of "Jane Eyre which Mr qhzr4er edited some little time &;0 for the "Camelot Series." Mr Kruger, as all rsccnfc visiters from South Africa have led U3 to expect, has been re-sleeted tu tho Presidency of the South African Republic. Although in many ways a typical Boer, be has always shown a friendly disposition towards this country, ar-d a desire tc. develop South Africa in conjunction with the English. Oom Paul," as his people call him, has been described as One of the strongest, shrewdest, and surest mon is South Africa. At Lome he lives in a patriarchal style. He nev-r takes wine or spirits, but likca coffee, and is an inveterate smoker. It is rather a strange coincidence that bf th tho late Bishop Brooks and Mr Blaine were, in their early ysars, troubled with a hesitancy in tbeir. speech; so marked in both casts that their, friends decided that noith.,r would have any chance of success in a profession cr calling whMw a rapid delivery and clear enunciation Wtre necessary, and yot both, in different lines of oratory, reached the v-ry first sosition. No cne exceedd Bishop Brooks as a Pulrit orator. No public speaker in th Unitt-d States approaohed Mr Blaine's control ever a mixod audience. The death is announced of Mr Msrris Charles Jones, Gungrog Hall, Montgomeryshire. Mr Jones, who has lately been in infirm health, was in his 74th year. To his efforts are Jue the establishment and maintenance of the Powyeland Antiquarian Society of Welshpool and of the Museum and Reading-room of that town. He devoted the but yefcw of Mis life to promotîh interest in the antiquities and folk-lore of the Principality, and succeeded in collecting a vast amount of interesting material connected with the local history of Mid-Wales.

A SATURDAY SERMON. To enter a breach, conduct an embassy, govern a People, are actions of renown; to reprehend, laugh, sell, pay, love, hate. and gently and justly converse with a man,, own family and with himself; not to relax, not te give a man's self the lie, is more rare and hard. and less remarkable. By which means retired lives, whatever is said to the contrary, undergo luties of M great or greater difficulty than the others do; and private men, says Aristotle, serve rirtue more painfully and highly than hose in authority do; we prepare our- selves for eminent occasions more oni )f glory than conscience. The shortest way to arrive at glory would be to do that for Jonscience which we do for glory and the virtue Df Alexander appears tc me of much low vigour In his great theatre than that of Socratos in Ilia mean and obscure employment. I can easily conceive Sacl-ates in the place of Alexander, baft Alexander in that of S~cratos I cannot. Whe shall ask the one what ho can do, lie witl answer "Subdue the world"; and who shall pot die same question to the other, he will say, ",cam on human life oomformably with its natnral con- dition a muoh mere general, weighty, and legitimate ecieooo than the other. MowiWWI

By Lloffwr. Cymru" and "Gymru'r Plant." k Despite the pressure of tutorial work at Oxford, *ndof his duties as "Grand Inquisitor" into the i^*lsh University question, Mr Owen Edwards /devotion te lus magazines does not setm to abate. |Pn contrary the January number of Cymru jfe a double number, and in point of magnitude, El possibly in excellence ajid in variety, it sur ses anything of the kind in the annals et Ish literature. The illustrations—Llyn i Mynyddog, The "Sassiwn" at y Bala, E^en Krdd, Ystrad Menrig School, the Rev John Jones, M.A., Vicar Prichard's house at Llan- dovery, the Rev Edward Matthews, r Gwenogfryn Evans, M.A., Mr Evan Jamesi (tbe composer of "Hen Wlad fy Nhadau ), Flint Castle, Llandovery Cast! & £ •» ar* a\* °* font. Musicians will be charmed wi «°»* (in th. >ua «o»fc») £ Mr W. D»™s, Oxford, »»"■» ( » Bol-fa) by Mr J. H. Edwards, Bangoi. It is 'raPOssible even to mention all the literary articles, tet) there are contributions by Canon Si,van i Evans, Mr Dani«l Owen (the a^hc^,°L- }*7* Iiewis") Eben Fardd, the Rev H. M. Hughes, B-A., Liverpool (on "Dr John Thomas"), Car- tied doe Barlwydon, Canon Ellis Roberts (Elis ^yn o'wyrfai), Mr R. Griffith, Mr Iwan Jonkyn, Professor J. Morris Jcnes, M. A,, Mr D. Samuel, *1 A., the Rev J. Myfonydd Morgan, Mr R. Navies, Mr B. Bryan, and others. The first in- ■talment of what promises to be an unusua y hiterestine series of superstitious tales is £ 'veD" ^ese are from the pen of the late Mr D. Lledvod Navies, who, we are told, was educated at St. David's College, Lampeter, but who died just at the completion of his college career, about two Vearsago. The editor himself contributes, as >' Qa*il, a large proportion of the contents of the It is to him we owo not only Monthly chapter on Welsh history, but Pr^ably ..titled "Y Bsl. "WI/nSf"V Llanymddyfri," Edward Matthews, and x Garr^ WJ » perhaps th. most interesting <ticle, among ev-n sc many attractive ones, is «?• editor" of hi. W«Bd, » Evans. Mr Edwards speaks with all tn* enthusiasm of intimacy and 'hose who know what "Gwmogfryn fioed for Welsh literature cannot h-B,P «traugeiy moved while raadmg t^is e°^ sketch, Mr Edwards speaks with withering Sarcasm of the patriots, and literary lbards Cf Wales whe cannot affcrd1fw°f5, tots jSQinea towards the reprinting of |*hich throw datable l.fht on th. ta and on Welsh literature and his tyftnru'r Plant does for ohildren w.iat Oes for adults:— Dilyna hwn ei Iwybyr gln. „ Ar 61 ei dad ar v, oinrau man. The Liberal Federation Meetings in i Liverpool. is a striking unanimity v papers in their views rj^e ff^Sbderation meetings in trnjool 2^. the TyBt, the iarian, the GenedlGym^ Btrald Cymraeg, and other *ounce more or less length, have been » brilliant su tI There is of., fcjr-* S;Ml TLib.„, è: one opinion about the National LIberal Liver,T.«- J^tives present from all parts cf the kingdom £ > ««y to see that the Federation wasi « full J^P»tby with the Government, and th ^ed the difficulties which the G has to meet. Unyielding steRdfast^n' S0ubted earnestness of purpose, a fcre for thorough reforms, ^lowin? W Angular unanimity—thssc were at&cteristics of the Federation meetings. ,^lea in the Liberal Federation Meetings interests of Wales were, after aJl, not is 1Xl ectad by the Federation, and, naturally, there eauh enthusiasm in the Welsh papers over the %Vhlc Th e special Disestablishment weetw S"Ch ^as held on Thursday, and was pressed t by Mr Thomas Gee, was Pec"1,ar^?^lc ;"nt- It will show the Government how emphatic £ *» demands of Wales. This," says tho "was the first meeting of a national si°ce the election, and the tc°e of the made by Thomas Ellis, Lloyd-George S>t Lewis, and Herbert > that Walas is in earnest, an<* t without d*lay. The claim of Wrtj Jo '^otn ^Jishment is superior to that o j SS! and though w, are ready » P« "'■V ThaY ft"" Rt "h •boald th» c*f' Zlom of »»r Thoi««r. after re'i'W'i S^meetinss.proceeds: .'Th.tonoofth«f« «1 S"d°»ot think th»t it fa a» ,n*TLidi Si ud hi, »l!eW»» „ SS* « DiMteUMhoant °° the do Z™«i-.th„r honesty. h0,r^ ft • appoint Wa.lm> in Vifr nresent expectatio rHr wi'hX b- the warmest support in futur gently diWpoin^J» iJisah brook any further trifling. tjjan tre »°i*t us now would be nothing e_ .-on » to the aspirations cf a w o e tloyf'^a points out how Mr T. Ej ,<We. Dr Watson, Mr A^uith, Seconrt takers 'aid stress on the f ^h»«. disestablishment. B tj,0 srsnrwho t8tene<l to M WA -th'3 speech. In » weok ^arlj to Mr Asquitha sp>0 t fear that ««.>•»' waime«, ,h° t dnti«.» 'S .rtW" "i'" 'he "» :?f m"d' forth trom th. f *trons m Should,the 6r.t °PPortJ • the Government sho fQr Dis. establ; ult*' Tneet the claims ot approval Geor. "Peechos of Mr Ellis and M Mr *aent speech was nothing but a (1 Wales is pre vi°late the law when hejsaid: wioJll connf» ed'if need be, to sacrifice her po even h,0n8' her devotion to great the freed^^Pectfor law, in order to ensure j _g bent >, and equality uP°n whlC si JS1 £ ««»•• ?2T°t "» B« David isU.ve~k»™» » to,h«»r Wtnrer, and S- 5Th^E'»9»°°.°New York, r.«ntly **•*> £ *5> <«. of Lit.D. » th„^Carfiff,i5 th, «»^ic rer^ ^Ch C,onference cn, E 'the Land Question atl<l 48 leading articles cn t mrres- Sliding scale.—The n <?'of"»c'u Iti a intention of the Govemmeu o » ^easure for payment of members.- Tery l triCna^ a singularly able writer,. jJ? the ,tes weekly to the Brythan Gyrarno, a""but^ th' n>eaess, the lack of susta ned «m% *vik ss which characterise We s « sectarianism, which k« (Ca^ y sport and manly exercises. 1 ipri £ rthv its Welsh page, has a len?thy e on the agricultural crisirf. ——

dpn^^er6's been an awful to-do in the edito^ J^nment." Why f "The hou^etper aq, e a Mistake, and put No •, SV'rtwi,iP-door, and the Welcome mat) r°at of the editor's room."

Welsh Tit-Bits, Neu Wreiohion Oddiar yr Eingisn. [BY CADBAWD.] Ploughing with Oxen. In the itinerary of Giraldus Cambrensis through Wales (1188) he makes mention of certai markable phenomena which take place a annual feast of St. Almedba(one of the daughters 3bS £ S*>—in r -X "J35 l /vKtirrh near Brecon. J-ne cru votaries there assembled dance in the chjch a«d round the churchyard, fcome of tbem ™)l denly fall cn the ground in a tra ^-n tbe who are suffering from any disease- wd^nthe Id be cured by these visitations; but those who have done any wickedn during wno u* .„i,:„u the worst would the r"t year—of which th of ^hUS^rn.fr.n.ya.dr.pr. foast^aya6 ^You 866 one I"S J feast cay Giraldus, and another, as it to th. plough J.y» G.« tbeir of rrurlTthetuSe «J. &c," Sir Richard CaH Hoie, commenting upon this statement m 1806, says, "The same habit is still used by the Welsh ploaghboy, the countrymen vulgarly su noosing that the beasts are consoled to m>rk 'more regularly and patiently by such lullaby. Sir Richard, although lie stands in the front rank of labourers in th« archaeology of Wales, was an EnUhmaa, *nd resided in Wilts (his native county—the history of which he wrote and pub- Sed). Oxen were used at the plough ascemmonly in England » » » » £ th. English ox-driver did not sing to his cattle, and we may here note the distinction he <.raws rTrL8»atiH used Oxen are still, I believe, ,o». part, of Wiltsh, and I hare h. J55S jsr^rty ye"s S°fh.th. £ Wales we have had a special kind of music for tlie purpose. The Old Peroh at Beaupre. This is an exceedingly fine piece of architecture and deserves to be better known than it is There f3 little doubt that its erection preceded by some vears what is known as the introduction of class,c rchitecture in England, and that the designer, b^e he may,j3 ™ Sel of this column have read a little work Su5 the "Vale cf Glamorgan" (published in 1839 and which came from the pen ot Mr Chas. Redwood, of Boverton, near Cowbridge). In the f "Gwilvm Twrcn's Courtship we are storyof ^wi;y^rought face to face with the S £ »f the l»reh•a,»»»'» •J hniHinff Mr Redwood derives his material undoubtedly from Iola, but he has evidently woven a good deal of imag.native >ncK>n.s of his own around it. Now, a story-teller is something likeapoet-he is born to his craft, and is not made. Mr Redwood had not that birthright and so Ins story is not so fascinating as could be desired. The Story of the Twrch Brothers. Two brothers of the Twrch family worked the freestone quarries near Bridgend, in the time of Edward VL-Richardfand William. They were young, and, unfortunately, each of them became enamoured of the same voune woman. This occasioned mutual jealousies JetwJen them, and at last ended in a virulent and inexplicable quarrel, so that they both solemnly sware never to speak the one to the other. They, however, continued to work at the quarry as usual; and whenever one cf them wanted the assistance of the other to lift cr movs a large stone, cr for any other of those purposes that occasionally occurred in the progress of their business, he beckoned, or made some sign. The ^understanding went on^-for thB voung woman havifag been Infortned of SSXntawl.WtMxn' tne s">" never to admit either br'h"SJd°^:° This rtwion, and th. nn- of their addresses^. hig brcther, natural terms on Soon threwEiohardin o^J^ afterwards be fco not knew whither. *or, ,0 vcars be re- heard of, and after the^°*JbJn in London, turned to Glamoreans a considerable Paris, several parts cf I y.^ hig trade of portion of the Cont.nont, ^rk^g a stone cutter, or rees #ppl,ed him- cf his travels he ha gcalpture in self to the study of each 0f which arts he their various branches, {iciency> On his quired a very-con. ^^her had left the return he found th dicooVered the freestone (.rnily « £ £ £ h«J settW. quarries at Bridg j quarries and Bicharf ~t««i "irior .nner in which worked at them. „>t.rocted the notice of the h9 executed his wor of Glaraorgan. ffentry whores^ 'n^^ shire, anf. B the ornamental parts «f the employed him to d chap?l at the castle, stono work belonging; exeouted with bis the frontispiece, in Ionic crdor ever the 9wn freestono m 11 th6 Bassetts, with entrance the arms g U Angau na Pre-verts. Welsh cannot claim to bepos- Although the vv b known, nev»rthc- gesscd Qf the shortest P«ve reaiarkable for lees, cn the whole pK„ri brevity.. n u" f ffa r*a toU, » lhe.,s mj.1, ar* not far behind— following from the Welsh ="~ Hun yr ecs. Lludiog Afrad pob afraid. Odid a ardd. Swrth pobd'OK- • d to this^Welsh dictionary, published in Subjoined to this we Cowbridget bas a good 1886, .Iol0^a^,S proverbs with explanations, collection of Wels p scarce, and it is This work has n«w above industrious gad to say that the eff,,rfc ta promote writer received for Wa!es was to spend the literature of hi tJ th* everlasting the latter end afc i?ridgend Work- Shame afc which establishment he breathed his last,, and was buried in a pauper's oTsLvc.

A Domsstic Episode. i -a oh the glass with a glowing cheek, She stood afc the face reflected there. And loo the mirror, if it could speak, And thoug ghe wa3 very sweet and fair. T" with a smile to her husband he As she turn ■ tones conveyed a sneer Remarked, J" much, i seoJ KS yourself in the glass, my dear. She hd lerned the art of keeping cool < She bod le%rl n So »he answer j am beautiful, FoTm} hand's sake, and not my own. A flush Of shame his fMe c'erspread, And crowing over to t]y Sftid H?.^S?lh„el^rt.hInbeautiful-you're good."

THE B0PULAR SA^DTATr0^Huggin3^yWhy She'. » telephone girl.

I FARM AND GARDEN. Wintering Dairy Cattle in Wales. Although the dairy cow has been found else- where to respond so well to warmth and the com- forts of winter spent under cover, she still re- mains an animal of great hardihood. In proof of this, many English farmers would be amazed to see what I witness every day. Let me explain that my present lines of leisure and retirement are cast upon the shores of Pembroke, or in a locality which is here called Little England beyond Wales." The soil is more or less fertile, and we have some fine grazing lands the snow- fall is very moderate, and in eome winters it is scarcely seen. Besides the supply pf milk that we get from the farms more inland, we have several town dairies, and one of these (winter and sum- mer) maintains a head of about twenty-six cows. They are not exclusively of the Welsh breed, although a century ago black was the only colour to be found in the whole neighbourhood, and the genuine Welsh thought to be the only kind which the men of the period considered hardy enough to stand the cold of these bleak hills. However, the shorthorn has not only pressed her claims, but proved her adaptability. The dairy upon which I look is now one of blacks, and reds, and roans, and there is the prospect of several other tints being represented, as for three years in succession, roaming the pastures amongsb the herd, has been a white shorthorn bull, which, from the days of his dalfhood, has never seen the inside of a cattle shed, and around whose huge neck a chain has never passed. The owner of this herd makes milk-selling a speciality but he also supplies fresh butter daily (made upon the modern system, i.e., without touching the hand), conse- quently his routine is upon the orthodox plan of cows calving all the year round. The ends to secure this are not only much simpler, but also much easier than those pursued in England, for, as I said of the bull, so it is with the cows they, too, never see the inside of a shed, unless in case of illness. The chain and post are quite un- known to them. The use of a halter slung over the horns they understand well enough, and are prepared to submit to its control by the side of any tree, gate, or fence. The farmer, beyond a small hospital for invalids, has not a shed upon the place, except a buildiDg or two used for storage. Winter and summer are all alike to these cattle. They have the soft turf to bed and browse upon; and, near the cliffs of the seashore, the furze-capped hills for shelter; and the heavens for a canopy.Field. Exportation of Horses. During 1892 there were 11,232 horses exported, against 11,234 in 1891, and 12,916 in 1890, the value having been £ 563.181, against 2525,035 in 1891, and £ 687,987 in 1890. There were in 1892 872 stallions exported, against 1,103 in 1891 and 2,308 in 1690; mares, 3,015, against 3,436 in 1891 and 4,156 in 1890; and geldings, 7,345, against 6,695 in 1891 and 6,452 in 1890. It will thus be seen that the trade in breeding animals has all over contracted somewhat, but that the total numbers and value of the export have been well maintained by the increased trade in geldings. To show the contraction in the stallion trade it may be mentioned that while in 1890 there were 1,388 stallioP3 landed at Canadian ports, and 449 at United States ports, the numbers in 1892 were only 391 and 262. On the other hand, there has been a considerable increase in the number of mares sent to the United States—417, against 189-but a decrease in those sent to Canada.- 68 in 1892, against 460 in 1891. The increase to the United States is largely due to the growing demand for hackneys in the Eastern States. Gare of Dairy Utensils. In no othvr work is there as great a demand for cleanliness as in the three parts of the dairy busi- ness—milk, butter, and cheese. The most attention is needed to maintain the clean- liness cf the milk receptacles, such as pails, pans, cans, and churns. In the first place, there should be a sufficient supply of pans, that those emptied and washed in the morning need not be used until evening or the next day. After washing, they should be placed in the sunlight until used. On cloudy days they can be thoroughly dried about the stove. If put together when they are wet, and allowed to thus remain for several hours, they cannot dry, and when separated at night they will give off a disagreeable odour, and the warm milk placed in them is certain to be contaminated. All the dairy utensils should be first washed in boiling water, then thoroughly rinsed in clean' cold water, and turned bottom side up to drain and dry until again used. All vessels about the dairy should be cleaned as soon as emptied, and not allowed to stand neglected for hours after- wards. The shelves, benches, and racks upon which the pans are set should be washed with soap and water every time they are cleared. Even a few drops of milk allowed to remam on them would prove unhealthy and detrimental to the milk in the same apartment. Where only a few cows are kept the same scrupulous cleanliness should be observed. The surface of the butter in the tubs should be covered with a cloth saturated with strong brine, both during the filling and after it is completed. Put the filled tubs in a cool dark portion of the cellar, examine once a week, and if the brine is found oozing through the staves it should be wiped away and not allowed to remain and stain the wood, giving it a most Juninviting look.-Arterican Agri- culturist. Vegetable Garden. I notice celery where unprotected has suffered a good deal from the frost. Two 11-inch boards nailed together and laid along the top of the idge would have been an efficient protection, and might be found useful for many other purposee and if kept tarred would last a number cf years. Hot-beds of different sizes should be made for forcing vegetables. Nearly everybody with fer- menting materials and frames with lights will be stirring in the matter of forcing now. Radishes, carrots, small salads, including Paris Market or Tom Thumb lettuces, will soon move. A good deal can be done with frames and warm manure, < and in even small gardens something could be, done. Mustard and cress may be raised in a" warm room, sown on damp flannel or an old hamper lined with moss, placed in,a warm posi- tion in the kitchen. Sea kale and rhubarb will be valuable now. Window Gardening. There have been losses during the sevsra weather from frost; but when tlit change comes and the days lengthen, some effort will be made to raise new stock from seeds and cuttings. For the present it will be better to keep things quiet, giving just enough water to keep the growth fresh and no more. Dead plants, if any, should be thrown out, and the pote washed to be filled again with young plants when ready. The Blue and White Campanulas are always useful, and frost will not injure them. Outdoor Garden. For the time being the frost has disappeared, and we are again busy planting and pushing for- ward work which has got into arrears. Every- body knows, of course, that deciduous trees and shrubs are best planted in autumn but circum- stances often prevent all such work being carried < out at that season. When this happens plant as soon after as possible, and I would rather plant late in the spring than put it off till another year. Of course, late planting involves more labour in watering. It is very important in moving trees and shrubs—evergreens especially— that they should as far as possible have the same exposure as in their previous situation to move a tree from a sheltered place to an exposed one will be likely to lead to failure.— Gardening.

HIS PROPESSION.-A baby girl of three yearq, who had strayed from home, was found by a policeman. The child's father was a leading lawyer in the place where he lived. "What's your name, little one ?" inquired Monsieur Bhle- coat. Mamie," was the reply. Mamie what ?" No, not Mamie what, dez Mamie." What's your father's business ?" The little girl refleoted, and replied, "He tuts meats." The policeman imagined the father to be a butcher, but subsequently found that Mamie's opinion of her father's business was based upon his pro- ficiency in carving roast meat at the dinner- tablet

A PROFESSIONAL BEAUTY. MRS WHEARTT Here's anither shtery "in Katie's paper about wan av thim artists fallin' in love wid a gir-rl's purty faoe, an' wantin't' mek a piether av her t' wanst. They mek me toired." WHBABTT But, Johanna, it is thrue. Whin they see a handsome face they want ut. Wan av. thim offred me fifty oints t'let 'em dhraw me face only yistherday,"

Elderly gentleman, to little boy who is buying toffy My young friend, don't yon think that, instead of spending all the pennies you get, it would be better to put some away for a rainy day ?-Little Boy Ob, no. What's the good of money on a rainy day ? Ma never lets mo stir out of the house. Edwin Do you think your father and mother will do anything for us when we marry ?-- Angelina: Yes. indeed They have promised to come and live with us."

Parliamentary History of Pembrokeshire. j LBt W. R. WILLIAMS, SOMCETOB, TALYBONT.] During the 350 years or so in which the connty of Pembroke has returned three members to Parliament—one each for the shire and borough of Pembroke and one for Haverfordwest—there have been many and. varied changes on aU sides in the Government, customs, and manners of the realm. Slowly, but steadily, year by year has history unrolled its stately pages, showing to the careful student one wonderful series of perpetual changes. Many monarehs of different dynasties have ruled the land since the days when Henry VIII. enfranchised Wales, and no greater change can be found which timo has effected than in the Parliamentsof the present day as oompared with the Assemblies called and dismissed at will by despotic sovereigns of centuries ago. And in the long list of knights of the shire for Pembrokeshire many names will appear to the present genera- tion as those of strangers, so completely (save to the genealogist) have many of its old county families become extinct and forgotten, and in their room have sprung up newer generations with other names. Where now are the Johnea and Perrotts of Haroldston, the Wogans of Wiston, and the Stepneys of Prendergast ? But still the name of Phillips, of Picton, and Owen, of Orielton, re- main at the present day, though many changes have occurred in those ancient families—land- marks of the county's history. Between 1541 and 1660 there were four members (three of the same family) who bore the honour of Knighthood, and one who was a Barunet. while from that date to the present day, there have been among its members no less than nine Baronets, one Baron, and one (future) Earl, and white one member became a Welsh Judge, another one held ofcice as a Lord ot the Admiralty and Treasury. First in the roll of members appears the name of Thomas Jones de Harroldiston, armiger, who was elected 27th December, 1541. He soon afterwards received the honour of knighthood, for he wag re-elected in 1547 as Thomas Johns Miles. Sir Thomas Johnes, who was seated at Aber- marles, Carmarthenshire, was high sheriff of the county of Pembroke 1549, county of Carmarthen 1541. and of the county of Cardigan 1544, and was twice married, (i) to Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Edward Dionn, Kuight, of Aber- ower, and (2) to Mary, daughter and heiress of the Hon. Sir James Berkeley, Knight (second son of Maurice, Lord Berkeley), and widow of Sir Thomas Perrot, Knight, of Haroldstown, which latter marriage naturally gave him a good deal of influence in Pembrokeshire. The Johnes were a Carmarthenshire, family, and several times represented the county in Parlia- ment. The return to the next Parliament, February, 1553, has been defaced, but in Septem- ber, 1553, the member was Johannes (Wosran) de Wiston, in County Pembrocbie. John Wogan, of Wiston Castle, was, it appears, High Sheriff of the County, 1542. 1549, 1554,1566, 1567, 1572, and 1574, and from one authority appears to have been knihtd about 1553. The Wogans had been a family 9f infiuenoe in the county for some time, and the name will be found in the list of members later on again. In March and Novem- ber, 1554, was elected Arnoldus Butler, armiger, or Arnold ButeJer, esqoyer, as he was described the latter time he was seated at Johnston, and was one of the Butlers of Dunraven, and owed his standing in the county through his wife Ellen, who was a daughter of Sir John Wogan, of Wiston, the previous member. No writ has been found for the election which took place October, 1555, but Thomas Catherne, armiger, was returned January, 1558. This member, otherwise known as Thomas Cadern, of Prendergast, was High Sheriff of the county, 1565, being then described as Thomas Cadarn, of Prendergast Place, in such various wayfe was it usual to spell people's names in ancient times. He appears to have been a Catholic, as in Queen Mary's reign he accused his neighbour, Sir John Perrott, of harbouring heretics. The member for 1559 appears as William Phes', Esq., of Pycton, who turns out to be William Philips, or Phillippes, of Picton, the first of that ancient family who represented his native county at Westminster. He was the eldest son of John Parrott, of Picton, who was sheriff 111 1541, and served himself as high sheriff in 1563. He was again elected in April, 1572, and sat until his death (? in 1581). Sir John Parrott, Knt, was returned December, 1662, and sat till the dissolu- tion in January. 1567, from which date no Parlia- ment was again summoned till 1572. When Arnulph de Montgomery in 1092 marched into Pembrokeshire and subdued it, he granted the district around Arbeth to one of his followers. Stephen Perrott, who thereupon firmly established himselt there, and founded the Perrott family. Sir Jonn Perrott, of Haroldston, was the son of Sir Thomas Perrott, of the same place, who has been previously mentioned (see 1541), and married Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Cheney, K.G. (who sat for Kent as Sir Thos. Chayne, Cheynye, or Cheyney, 1553, 1554, and 1558, and whose son, Sir Henry, was created Lcrd Cheyney temp. Queen Elizabeth). This Sir John Perrott was M.P. (Haverfordwest, 1588), High Sheriff of the county (1551), and showed great administrative talent first as Lord President of the province of Munster, and then aa Lord Deputy of Ireland. He greatly pacified that country, but for reward was accused of high treason and condemned to death, and only escaped the scaffold by dying before the day fixed for his e::ccution, in the Tower of London, 3rd Nov., 1599. It was very usual at that period (before the Order of Baronets was instituted) for the honour of knighthood to be conferred upon the head of a county family generation after generation and so the honour had to a great extent practically become heredi- tary. Of course, it implied a sufficient income on the part of its holder to uphold its dignity. About 1581 John Wogan, Esq., of Wiston, was elected to flU the vacancy caused by the death of William Phillipps, of Picton, and he sat till the end of that Parliament in 1583. He was the son of Richard Wogan, of Boulston (brother to the above-named Sir John Wogan), and as SIr John Wogan, Knight of Boulstcn, served as High Sheriff 1534,1598, and 1606, and died 1616. ( To be continued.)

ONWARD. Higher, higher will we climb Up the mount of glory, That our names may live through time In our country's story Happy, when their welfare calls, He who conquers, he who falls. Deeper, deeper let us toil In the mines of knowledge; Nature's wealth and learning's spoil Win from school and college; Delve we there for richer gems Than the stars of diadems. Onward, onwardemay we press Through the path of duty; Virtue is true happiness. Excellence true beauty, Minds are of celestial btrth Make we, then, a heaven of earth. JAMES MONTaOMRftr.

MY MOTHER'S HANDS. Such beautiful, beautiful hands They're neither white nor small, And you, I know, would scarcely think That they were fair at all. I've looked on hands whose form and hue A sculptor's dream might be, Yet are these aged, wrinkled hands, Most beautiful to me Such beautiful, beautiful hands Though heart were weary and sad These patient hands keep toiling on That children might be glad. I almost weep, as looking baok To childhood's distant day, I think how these hands rested not When mine were at their play. But oh beyond this shadow land, Where all is bright and fair, I know full well those dear old hands Will palms of victory bear Where crystal streams through endless time Flow over golden sands, And where the old grow voung again, I'll clasp my mother's hands.

ECHOES FROM THE CALENDAR. FEBRUARY. 5. SUNDAY.—Sexagesimal Sunday. i 4. MONDAY.— Llanereh Colliery explosion, 1890. 170 killed.—Hew ylrving born, 1838. > 7. TUESDAY.—Charles Dickens born, 1812. 8. WEDNESDAY.- Half Quarter Day. 9. THURSDAY.—Bishop Hooper bnrat, 1555. ,10. FRIDAY.—Queen Victoria married, 1840. 1L SATURDAY.—London University founded, 1?26. The Father of the Fleet. The oldest officer in the British Navy, Admiral Sir Provo Wallis, passed away early in February, 1392; at the advanced age of 101 years. An interesting historical event is connected with his early history; ho was second lieutenant cn board the Shannon in her brilliant duel with the U.S. Frigate Chesapeake, which wascnoofthe finest single-ship actiohs in British history. At nine years of age Wallis first went tc sea, and was captured four years later, and released again in six days. Besides these engagements he saw much service, until the year 1CS3, when he ceased. He was madd Admiral of the Fleet in 1875 being many years senior to the next on the list. The Admiral was buried with full military honours. Henry Irving. John Henry Brodrib, who has made his stags name of Irving famous throughout the world, was born at Keinton. Glastonbury, in 1838. He spent some of his earlier years in Cornwall, and then came to London, where he went to the school kept by Dr Pinches in George-yard, Lombard- street. A very brief spell in an office sufficed to tire him of City life, and he then turned to the stage, appearing at the Sunderland theatre in 1856. After gaining experience in various pro- vincial towns young Irving was fortunate enough to get an engagement with Mr Wyndham in Edinburgh, and here he remained for over two years, playing many parts, and steadily ad-vancing in his profession. A three months' stay at the Princess's in London in the autumn of 1859 was followed by a return to the provinces, Mr Irving gaining many admirers both in Manchester and Liverpool. The year 1867 brought him to London again to appear under Miss Herbert's management at the St. James's. From thvre he went to the Queen's with Toole, and afterwards to the Gaiety. It was on the opening of the Vaudeville in 1870 that he mado a hit as Digby Grant in the Two Loses. The commence- 'ment of Mr Bateman'a management cf the Lyceum in November, 1871, promised little; but The Bells gave Mr Irving the leng-desired oppor- tunity, and his artistic triumph as Matthias at once established him as a leading actor. Charles the First and Richelieu paved the way for Handel, in which Mr Irving played for 200 nights. Such a run for a Shaksperian play was altogether without precedent, and the success brought lasting fame to the tragedian and fortune to the manager. Since then Mr Irving has made the Lyceum (which came under his own direction in December, 1877) the chief English theatre. Nine Shaksperian plays have been produced, includ- ing the magnificent revival of Henry the Eighth, now running. Mr Irving has acted with more than princely generosity in all matters relating to his profession, and playgoers will surely unite in wishing him "Many happy returns of the day." The Great Eastern. Mr Brunei's Leviathan ship must still be regarded as a wonder despite its ill-fated career and final destruction. The length on the upper deck was 692ft., nearly double the heieht of St. Paul's the breadth 83ft., or as wide as Pall-mall, There wt-re 10 boilers, each having 10 furnaces, and five funnels. The diameter of the paddle- wheels was 56ft., giving a circumference larger than the circus at Astlej'a. Newly 8^000 60,000 guf^rftoiai fa;_»t of wrought iron were used in tTrc 30,000 plate? of the hull. To secure these upwards of 2,000,000 wrought iron riveta were wdded in all, inst-rted, and hammered while white hot. The vessel was designed to accommodate 800 first-class passengers, 1,500 second-class, and 2,500 third-class in all 4,800 passengers or, if employed in the transport of troops, upwards of 10,000 men, in addition to a crew of 400. It was on the 2nd of November, 1S57, that the first attempt was made to launch her, but things went wrong, and nearly three months passed before the Great Eastern was got afloat in the Thames. Then financial troubles came upon the company, which down to 1858 had spent £ 640,000 upon the ship. It went into liquidation, a new company was started, and at length the monster was got to sea. Off Hastings, however, in September, 1859, an explosion ot steam-pipes occurred, killing seven men, and the vessel was taken inte Weymouth. Immediately after this disaster Mr Brunei died. In June, 1860, the Great Eastern mado a trip to New York in 11 days, and in December of the following year carried the Guards in comfort to Canada. Com- mercially the vessel was alv ays a failure, aud in February, 1864, when put up tt auction, only fetched £ 25,000. It acquired distinction subse- quently by successfully laying the Atlautic cable in 1866. The Queen's Marriage. The early part of the Queen's wedding-day, Monday. February 10, 1840, was wet, foggy, and dismal. This, however, did not prevent crowds braving the cold and rain to see the bridal procession pass from Buckingham Palace to St. James's, where the ceremony took e place in tito Chapel Royal. Her Majesty's dress was of white satin, brimmed with orange blossoms, and a veil of rich Honiton lace. She wore the ribbon, collar, and star of the Order of the Garter; and her train was borne by 12 unmarried ladies. Prince Albert appeared in the uniform of an English Field-marshal. The cere- mony was performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and it is recorded that the stillness become so intense that not even the rustle of a lady's dress or the clink of an officer's spur broke the silence as the clear musical voice of the younsr Queen was hpard promising "to love, cher:sh, and obey, till death us do part." At a quarter to one the ring was placed on her Majesty's finger. The weather began to clear, and when the bridal party, after the splendid dyeuncr at Buckingham Palace, set cut for Windsor Castle, the sun shone forth in cloudless lustre. The following is a list of the Queen's descendants, 51 in numbers— CHILDRE% -Ein press Frederick of Germany, Albert Edward Prince of Wales, Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edinburgh Helen Augusta Victoria, Princess Christian; Louise Caroline Alberta, Marchioness cf Lome; Arthur W. P. A., Duke of Connaught; Beatrice Mary, Princess Henry of Battenberg. GitANDCHILDItE-T.Williani, reigning German Emperor; the Hereditary Princess of Saxe. Meimngen, Prince Henry of Prussia, Princess Adolphe of Schaumburg Lippa, Duchess of Sparta, Princess Margaretta of Prussia, Prince George of Wales, Duchess of Fife, Prince VIe. toria of Wales, Princess Maud of Wales, Princess Louis of Battenberg, the Grand Duchess Sergius of Russia, Princess Henry of Prussia, Prince Ernest Louis of Hesse, Princess Alix Victoria of Hesse, Prince Alfred of Edinburgh, Princess Marie of Edinburgh, Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh, Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh, Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh, Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig Holstein, Prince Albert of Schleswig Holstein, Princess Victoria of Schleswig Holstein, Princess Aribert of An halt, Princess Margaret of Connaught, Prince Arthur of Connaught, Prin- cess Victoria Patricia of Connaught, Princess Alice Mary of Albany, the Duke of Albany, Prince Alexander Albert of Battenberg, Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, Prince Leopold of Battenberg, Prince Maurice Victor of Batten- berg. GREAT GitAm)cHmnRxx. --The Crown Prince of Prussia, Prince William .Frederick of Prussia, Prince Adalbert of Prussia, Prince August of Prussia, Prince Oscar of Prussia, Prince Joachim Franz Humbert of Prussia, the Lady Alexandra Duff, Princess Feodora of Suxo Mpiningen, Prince George of Greece, Princess Victoria Alice of Battenberg, Princess Louise Alexandra of Battenberg.

U Clara." said thf old man, "that young fellow n't have you. He smokes cigarettes. I know, fo I smell them when he is around." "Papa," said th« dear girl, "he never smokes them, but ne owns a cigarette factory ? So ? Then, my darling, ho can marry you when he will. There's darling, ho can marry you when he will. There's n:<">ney in the business."